1) The first bank in the world, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, was established in Italy in 1472 and is still in operation today.

2) Banks provide various financial products, including savings accounts, checking accounts, credit cards, mortgages, and investment services.

3) Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who exercise it through elected representatives. It allows for political participation, freedom of speech, and protection of individual rights and liberties.

4) International relations encompass the study of relationships between nations, including diplomacy, treaties, and foreign policy. It examines the interactions and dynamics among different countries in the global arena.